This post completes the summary of Rev. Joe Morecraft's introductory sermon to the book of Revelation. In this post, I will summarize the last 10 minutes of the sermon that deal with the content, theme, and purpose of the book of Revelation. Again, I will repost the previously summarized material in red.
Joe Morecraft III -- Interpreting Revelation -- July 2, 1978
Principles of Interpretation:
1. Nature of the Book of Revelation
a. Revelation: Rev. 1:1, 11 (God given through Holy Spirit)
--Thus every thing in this book is relevant through all time.
--To understand, all we need is Scripture (Scripture interprets Scripture) and Holy Spirit
--To neglect study of Revelation, is to be inadequately equipped.
--Revelation means "unveiling"; not an "obscuring".
b. Prophecy: Rev. 1:3; 22:7, 10, 18 (God's word to His people)
--Apocalyptic literature of the time outside of New Testament was characterized by a catastrophic breaking in of eternity at the end of history when evil reigns and the only hope is rapturous escape.
First, over-against that view comes divinely revealed prophecy characterized by an inseparable connection between the flow of history and the consumation of history: i.e., Christ came to rescue human history (not to discard it), to perfect it, and make it more glorious. Thus, what we do now counts and matters: it has consequences (a theme of the Old Testament is God's calling His people to faithfulness and promising them resulting blessing).
Secondly, biblical prophecy is characterized by a presentation of an accomplished, continual, progressive triumph of God over evil, until that triumph is complete and total (Is. 2, 9, 11, 40, 66, etc.).
Thirdly, biblical prophecy is not irrelevant theologizing about what will take place at the end of the world, but it has instead, great ethical value (Rev. 1:5, 16, etc.).
c. Symbolic in Form: The revelation to John was "sign"-ified (written in signs and symbols and figures), Rev. 1:1. It should be taken "truly", but "not literally". Read Revelation with two questions in mind: (1) What is the picture? and (2) What does this picture mean? For the meaning, check the context of other Bible passages where the same picture (symbols, figures, etc.) is used. Other times, John actually stops and explains the meaning of the picture, Rev. 1:20, 12:1-9.2. Time FrameWhen are the things written in the book of Revelation going to come to pass? This question is answered in the text of the book of Revelation itself: Things which must shortly take place (Rev. 1:1); the time is near (Rev. 1:3); must shortly take place (Rev. 22:6); the time is near (Rev. 22:10). Thus, the text tells John and us that "these things" will take place in the immediate future. John lived in the first century. The letter is addressed to the seven asian churches then in existence -- thus "these things" will take place during the life time of these seven first century churches. To be honest with the text, "shortly" actually means "shortly", and "near" means "near", i.e., on the immediate horizon, the latter half of the first century. So, what did the symbols in the book of Revelation mean to the first century readership? Knowing what the text was communicating to the original readers and hearers is vital to a right understanding of the text. Having done this, we can then consider how the message of Revelation applies to us today. Therefore, interpretations pointing to far off distant future events must be rejected. Further, interpretations consisting of only great principles and ideals (ambiguous spiritual ideals and principles), but not specific real historical events must be rejected. We must therefore consider the setting of the seven asian churches that are addressed. They lived in an area of the world where people (non-Christians) were zealous about giving lip service to the doctrine that Caesar is god. The Christian church had grown in this part of the world and was having influence, but these seven churches are having problems. The ideas of the world are creeping into these churches and the Christians are facing pressures to compromise in the midst of tribulation and persecution. Christians in this region are being accused of being atheists because they refuse to worship Caesar. Some are dying the death of martyrs for this reason. Christians in this area of the world also faced mockery, ridicule, and persecution from a blind, hard, stubborn, apostate Judaism, which strongly opposed and attacked the followers of Christ. An understanding of this context is essential prior to any considerations about what all this means for us today.
3. Content, Theme, Purpose
a. Content: Rev. Morecraft covered this with an outline handout that he asked the listeners to memorize. Click on this link to view or download the outline: http://www.box.net/shared/21cbazfsd8
b. Theme: The dominion and triumph of the sovereign enthroned Christ and His church over all opposition.
This note of victory and triumph is found throughout the book of Revelation. This note of victory extends throughout all history as well as at the end of history (for example, Rev. 1:5, 6). Also note Rev. 1:7, He's coming (that is, He keeps coming) in judgment over His enemies and in deliverance for His saints.
In Rev. 1:9-20 notice the figure of Christ as a great King Who holds the church safely in His hands, etc.
In Rev. 2 and 3 He promises blessings and victory to those who overcome in His name.
In Rev. 4 and 5 He presents the vision of a throne at the center of the universe and sitting upon that throne is a lamb, and before that throne is a sea symbolizing all the nations of the world which are under God's control.
In Rev. 5-18, we see a series of visions that tell us that Christ shall destroy all of His enemies, and overturn all "isms" through His faithful people (in time as well as at the end of time).
In Rev. 19 we are presented with Christ as the mighty Conqueror Who marches victoriously over His enemies.
In Rev. 20 we have a picture God restraining Satan and God's people reigning with Him; and God will ultimately vindicate Himself upon all His enemies.
In Rev. 21 and 22 the kingdom shall be consumated throughout the heavens and the earth.
There is no gloom or pessimism anywhere in the book of Revelation. It is all about the victory of Christ and His church over all opposition.
c. Purpose: To comfort, encourage, uplift, and motivate the people of God who are being oppressed, abused, mistreated, and persecuted at the hands of a hostile world (Rev. 1:9) to perseverance and hope. This book is for us now. Blessing is promised to those who read, believe, and obey this book of Revelation.
Showing posts with label Principles of Interpretation. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Principles of Interpretation. Show all posts
Sunday, January 4, 2009
Saturday, January 3, 2009
Principles for Interpreting the Book of Revelation, Part 3
So far I have summarized the first 40 minutes of Rev. Joe Morecraft's introductory sermon to the book of Revelation. In this post, I will summarize the next 10 minutes of the sermon that deals with the time frame of the book of Revelation. Again, I will repost the previously summarized material in red.
Joe Morecraft III -- Interpreting Revelation -- July 2, 1978
Principles of Interpretation:
1. Nature of the Book of Revelation
a. Revelation: Rev. 1:1, 11 (God given through Holy Spirit)
--Thus every thing in this book is relevant through all time.
--To understand, all we need is Scripture (Scripture interprets Scripture) and Holy Spirit
--To neglect study of Revelation, is to be inadequately equipped.
--Revelation means "unveiling"; not an "obscuring".
b. Prophecy: Rev. 1:3; 22:7, 10, 18 (God's word to His people)
--Apocalyptic literature of the time outside of New Testament was characterized by a catastrophic breaking in of eternity at the end of history when evil reigns and the only hope is rapturous escape.
First, over-against that view comes divinely revealed prophecy characterized by an inseparable connection between the flow of history and the consumation of history: i.e., Christ came to rescue human history (not to discard it), to perfect it, and make it more glorious. Thus, what we do now counts and matters: it has consequences (a theme of the Old Testament is God's calling His people to faithfulness and promising them resulting blessing).
Secondly, biblical prophecy is characterized by a presentation of an accomplished, continual, progressive triumph of God over evil, until that triumph is complete and total (Is. 2, 9, 11, 40, 66, etc.).
Thirdly, biblical prophecy is not irrelevant theologizing about what will take place at the end of the world, but it has instead, great ethical value (Rev. 1:5, 16, etc.).
c. Symbolic in Form: The revelation to John was "sign"-ified (written in signs and symbols and figures), Rev. 1:1. It should be taken "truly", but "not literally". Read Revelation with two questions in mind: (1) What is the picture? and (2) What does this picture mean? For the meaning, check the context of other Bible passages where the same picture (symbols, figures, etc.) is used. Other times, John actually stops and explains the meaning of the picture, Rev. 1:20, 12:1-9.
2. Time Frame
When are the things written in the book of Revelation going to come to pass? This question is answered in the text of the book of Revelation itself: Things which must shortly take place (Rev. 1:1); the time is near (Rev. 1:3); must shortly take place (Rev. 22:6); the time is near (Rev. 22:10). Thus, the text tells John and us that "these things" will take place in the immediate future. John lived in the first century. The letter is addressed to the seven asian churches then in existence -- thus "these things" will take place during the life time of these seven first century churches. To be honest with the text, "shortly" actually means "shortly", and "near" means "near", i.e., on the immediate horizon, the latter half of the first century. So, what did the symbols in the book of Revelation mean to the first century readership? Knowing what the text was communicating to the original readers and hearers is vital to a right understanding of the text. Having done this, we can then consider how the message of Revelation applies to us today. Therefore, interpretations pointing to far off distant future events must be rejected. Further, interpretations consisting of only great principles and ideals (ambiguous spiritual ideals and principles), but not specific real historical events must be rejected. We must therefore consider the setting of the seven asian churches that are addressed. They lived in an area of the world where people (non-Christians) were zealous about giving lip service to the doctrine that Caesar is god. The Christian church had grown in this part of the world and was having influence, but these seven churches are having problems. The ideas of the world are creeping into these churches and the Christians are facing pressures to compromise in the midst of tribulation and persecution. Christians in this region are being accused of being atheists because they refuse to worship Caesar. Some are dying the death of martyrs for this reason. Christians in this area of the world also faced mockery, ridicule, and persecution from a blind, hard, stubborn, apostate Judaism, which strongly opposed and attacked the followers of Christ. An understanding of this context is essential prior to any considerations about what all this means for us today.
3. Content, Theme, Purpose
-----------TO BE CONTINUED -----------------
Joe Morecraft III -- Interpreting Revelation -- July 2, 1978
Principles of Interpretation:
1. Nature of the Book of Revelation
a. Revelation: Rev. 1:1, 11 (God given through Holy Spirit)
--Thus every thing in this book is relevant through all time.
--To understand, all we need is Scripture (Scripture interprets Scripture) and Holy Spirit
--To neglect study of Revelation, is to be inadequately equipped.
--Revelation means "unveiling"; not an "obscuring".
b. Prophecy: Rev. 1:3; 22:7, 10, 18 (God's word to His people)
--Apocalyptic literature of the time outside of New Testament was characterized by a catastrophic breaking in of eternity at the end of history when evil reigns and the only hope is rapturous escape.
First, over-against that view comes divinely revealed prophecy characterized by an inseparable connection between the flow of history and the consumation of history: i.e., Christ came to rescue human history (not to discard it), to perfect it, and make it more glorious. Thus, what we do now counts and matters: it has consequences (a theme of the Old Testament is God's calling His people to faithfulness and promising them resulting blessing).
Secondly, biblical prophecy is characterized by a presentation of an accomplished, continual, progressive triumph of God over evil, until that triumph is complete and total (Is. 2, 9, 11, 40, 66, etc.).
Thirdly, biblical prophecy is not irrelevant theologizing about what will take place at the end of the world, but it has instead, great ethical value (Rev. 1:5, 16, etc.).
c. Symbolic in Form: The revelation to John was "sign"-ified (written in signs and symbols and figures), Rev. 1:1. It should be taken "truly", but "not literally". Read Revelation with two questions in mind: (1) What is the picture? and (2) What does this picture mean? For the meaning, check the context of other Bible passages where the same picture (symbols, figures, etc.) is used. Other times, John actually stops and explains the meaning of the picture, Rev. 1:20, 12:1-9.
2. Time Frame
When are the things written in the book of Revelation going to come to pass? This question is answered in the text of the book of Revelation itself: Things which must shortly take place (Rev. 1:1); the time is near (Rev. 1:3); must shortly take place (Rev. 22:6); the time is near (Rev. 22:10). Thus, the text tells John and us that "these things" will take place in the immediate future. John lived in the first century. The letter is addressed to the seven asian churches then in existence -- thus "these things" will take place during the life time of these seven first century churches. To be honest with the text, "shortly" actually means "shortly", and "near" means "near", i.e., on the immediate horizon, the latter half of the first century. So, what did the symbols in the book of Revelation mean to the first century readership? Knowing what the text was communicating to the original readers and hearers is vital to a right understanding of the text. Having done this, we can then consider how the message of Revelation applies to us today. Therefore, interpretations pointing to far off distant future events must be rejected. Further, interpretations consisting of only great principles and ideals (ambiguous spiritual ideals and principles), but not specific real historical events must be rejected. We must therefore consider the setting of the seven asian churches that are addressed. They lived in an area of the world where people (non-Christians) were zealous about giving lip service to the doctrine that Caesar is god. The Christian church had grown in this part of the world and was having influence, but these seven churches are having problems. The ideas of the world are creeping into these churches and the Christians are facing pressures to compromise in the midst of tribulation and persecution. Christians in this region are being accused of being atheists because they refuse to worship Caesar. Some are dying the death of martyrs for this reason. Christians in this area of the world also faced mockery, ridicule, and persecution from a blind, hard, stubborn, apostate Judaism, which strongly opposed and attacked the followers of Christ. An understanding of this context is essential prior to any considerations about what all this means for us today.
3. Content, Theme, Purpose
-----------TO BE CONTINUED -----------------
Friday, January 2, 2009
Principles of Interpreting the Book of Revelation, Part 2
In this post, I will add a summary of the second (one third) of Rev. Morecraft's sermon on Principles of Interpreting the Book of Revelation. I have also restated the summary of the first (one third) of the sermon in red.
Joe Morecraft III -- Interpreting Revelation -- July 2, 1978
Principles of Interpretation:
1. Nature of the Book of Revelation
a. Revelation: Rev. 1:1, 11 (God given through Holy Spirit) --Thus every thing in this book is relevant through all time. --To understand, all we need is Scripture (Scripture interprets Scripture) and Holy Spirit --To neglect study of Revelation, is to be inadequately equipped. --Revelation means "unveiling"; not an "obscuring".
b. Prophecy: Rev. 1:3; 22:7, 10, 18 (God's word to His people) --Apocalyptic literature of the time outside of New Testament was characterized by a catastrophic breaking in of eternity at the end of history when evil reigns and the only hope is rapturous escape. First, over-against that view comes divinely revealed prophecy characterized by an inseparable connection between the flow of history and the consumation of history: i.e., Christ came to rescue human history (not to discard it), to perfect it, and make it more glorious. Thus, what we do now counts and matters: it has consequences (a theme of the Old Testament is God's calling His people to faithfulness and promising them resulting blessing). Secondly, biblical prophecy is characterized by a presentation of an accomplished, continual, progressive triumph of God over evil, until that triumph is complete and total (Is. 2, 9, 11, 40, 66, etc.). Thirdly, biblical prophecy is not irrelevant theologizing about what will take place at the end of the world, but it has instead, great ethical value (Rev. 1:5, 16, etc.).
c. Symbolic in Form: The revelation to John was "sign"-ified (written in signs and symbols and figures), Rev. 1:1. It should be taken "truly", but "not literally". Read Revelation with two questions in mind: (1) What is the picture? and (2) What does this picture mean? For the meaning, check the context of other Bible passages where the same picture (symbols, figures, etc.) is used. Other times, John actually stops and explains the meaning of the picture, Rev. 1:20, 12:1-9.
2. Time Frame
3. Content, Theme, Purpose
-----------TO BE CONTINUED -----------------
Joe Morecraft III -- Interpreting Revelation -- July 2, 1978
Principles of Interpretation:
1. Nature of the Book of Revelation
a. Revelation: Rev. 1:1, 11 (God given through Holy Spirit) --Thus every thing in this book is relevant through all time. --To understand, all we need is Scripture (Scripture interprets Scripture) and Holy Spirit --To neglect study of Revelation, is to be inadequately equipped. --Revelation means "unveiling"; not an "obscuring".
b. Prophecy: Rev. 1:3; 22:7, 10, 18 (God's word to His people) --Apocalyptic literature of the time outside of New Testament was characterized by a catastrophic breaking in of eternity at the end of history when evil reigns and the only hope is rapturous escape. First, over-against that view comes divinely revealed prophecy characterized by an inseparable connection between the flow of history and the consumation of history: i.e., Christ came to rescue human history (not to discard it), to perfect it, and make it more glorious. Thus, what we do now counts and matters: it has consequences (a theme of the Old Testament is God's calling His people to faithfulness and promising them resulting blessing). Secondly, biblical prophecy is characterized by a presentation of an accomplished, continual, progressive triumph of God over evil, until that triumph is complete and total (Is. 2, 9, 11, 40, 66, etc.). Thirdly, biblical prophecy is not irrelevant theologizing about what will take place at the end of the world, but it has instead, great ethical value (Rev. 1:5, 16, etc.).
c. Symbolic in Form: The revelation to John was "sign"-ified (written in signs and symbols and figures), Rev. 1:1. It should be taken "truly", but "not literally". Read Revelation with two questions in mind: (1) What is the picture? and (2) What does this picture mean? For the meaning, check the context of other Bible passages where the same picture (symbols, figures, etc.) is used. Other times, John actually stops and explains the meaning of the picture, Rev. 1:20, 12:1-9.
2. Time Frame
3. Content, Theme, Purpose
-----------TO BE CONTINUED -----------------
Revelation: The Big Picture
Many people find the book of Revelation to be confusing. One way to take away confusion is to look at the big picture of Revelation. Read or listen to Revelation in one sitting, start to finish. It takes about an hour to listen to the entire book. One good place to listen online or download audio files is AudioTreasure.
An online class I found helpful on Revelation is a series taught by Charles E. Hill of Reformed Theological Seminary. It is an adult Sunday School series that is oriented to people without theological degrees. His Revelation course is here . Dr. Hill teaches from an idealist and amillennial perspective.
What is the Big Picture? Reading Revelation reveals at least the following scheme:
(1) There is a heavenly vision of Christ.
(2) A letter to seven churches with particular exhortations to those churches.
(3) Lots of trouble, but God is active in preserving the saints. The saints may loose their lives, but they are ultimately protected.
(4) Final judgement.
(5) Final victory of Christ and his people.
Most everyone can see that general flow no matter how one approaches Revelation. Of course we can see more detail than that, just seeing a very big layout helps in starting to understand Revelation.
Another thing to notice is Revelation is full of images. In some passages the images are identified. in other passages the images are not explicitly identified. Revelation is written in symbolic form. Revelation gathers images from the Old Testament -- but modifies them, has numerous allusions to the New Testament, pulls images from Hebrew, Greek, and Roman culture -- but again modifies these.
Question: Is John reporting the symbols just as he is seeing them? Or is John looking into the future, seeing things that he has no idea of they are and describes them as best as he can? For instance, did John see in the future wave after wave of Apache attack helicopters, and since he did not know what they were, he described them as locusts?
The answer, I think, is that John is reporting the symbols just as he sees them. Locusts are actually locusts, not helicopters. Many symbols cannot be pictured as a literal thing. For instance:
Literally there is no city that is Egypt, Sodom, and where Christ was crucified. The symbol description gives a picture of this city. The Israelites, before the Exodus, were in bondage in Egypt. Egypt is a place of bondage. In the Old Testament, Sodom was a city of great evil. Jerusalem, where Christ was crucified, was the center of false religion. This word image paints a picture of where the dead bodies of the two witnesses (another symbol) will lay. The place is evil, enslaves its residents, and practices false religion.
Numbers show up. Numbers have symbolic importance. Seven indicates universality or completeness. The seven churches are literal seven churches in Revelation, but the number seven indicates the universality of the message to all the churches throughout the ages. Twelve is associated with the twelve apostles, the twelve tribes of Israel, twenty-four can indicate the entire span of history from Israel through the church. Look for sentence structures of threes, often indicating attributes of the Triune God.
Let the images percolate in you mind as you read them. Sometimes one symbol can refer to several related things. Revelation is a book for ruminating, playing the images over and over in your mind.
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An online class I found helpful on Revelation is a series taught by Charles E. Hill of Reformed Theological Seminary. It is an adult Sunday School series that is oriented to people without theological degrees. His Revelation course is here . Dr. Hill teaches from an idealist and amillennial perspective.
What is the Big Picture? Reading Revelation reveals at least the following scheme:
(1) There is a heavenly vision of Christ.
(2) A letter to seven churches with particular exhortations to those churches.
(3) Lots of trouble, but God is active in preserving the saints. The saints may loose their lives, but they are ultimately protected.
(4) Final judgement.
(5) Final victory of Christ and his people.
Most everyone can see that general flow no matter how one approaches Revelation. Of course we can see more detail than that, just seeing a very big layout helps in starting to understand Revelation.
Another thing to notice is Revelation is full of images. In some passages the images are identified. in other passages the images are not explicitly identified. Revelation is written in symbolic form. Revelation gathers images from the Old Testament -- but modifies them, has numerous allusions to the New Testament, pulls images from Hebrew, Greek, and Roman culture -- but again modifies these.
Question: Is John reporting the symbols just as he is seeing them? Or is John looking into the future, seeing things that he has no idea of they are and describes them as best as he can? For instance, did John see in the future wave after wave of Apache attack helicopters, and since he did not know what they were, he described them as locusts?
The answer, I think, is that John is reporting the symbols just as he sees them. Locusts are actually locusts, not helicopters. Many symbols cannot be pictured as a literal thing. For instance:
(Revelation 11:8 NASB) And their dead bodies will lie in the street of the great city which mystically is called Sodom and Egypt, where also their Lord was crucified.
Literally there is no city that is Egypt, Sodom, and where Christ was crucified. The symbol description gives a picture of this city. The Israelites, before the Exodus, were in bondage in Egypt. Egypt is a place of bondage. In the Old Testament, Sodom was a city of great evil. Jerusalem, where Christ was crucified, was the center of false religion. This word image paints a picture of where the dead bodies of the two witnesses (another symbol) will lay. The place is evil, enslaves its residents, and practices false religion.
Numbers show up. Numbers have symbolic importance. Seven indicates universality or completeness. The seven churches are literal seven churches in Revelation, but the number seven indicates the universality of the message to all the churches throughout the ages. Twelve is associated with the twelve apostles, the twelve tribes of Israel, twenty-four can indicate the entire span of history from Israel through the church. Look for sentence structures of threes, often indicating attributes of the Triune God.
Let the images percolate in you mind as you read them. Sometimes one symbol can refer to several related things. Revelation is a book for ruminating, playing the images over and over in your mind.
Thursday, January 1, 2009
Principles of Interpreting the Book of Revelation, Part 1
I am currently listening to a sermon given 30 years ago by Rev. Joe Morecraft III. Use the player in the right hand column of this blog to listen to this sermon. Rev. Morecraft begins the study of this book, by first considering principles of interpretation. The first one third of the sermon is summarized as follows:
Joe Morecraft III -- Interpreting Revelation -- July 2, 1978
Principles of Interpretation:
1. Nature of the Book of Revelation a. Revelation: Rev. 1:1, 11 (God given through Holy Spirit) --Thus every thing in this book is relevant through all time. --To understand, all we need is Scripture (Scripture interprets Scripture) and Holy Spirit --To neglect study of Revelation, is to be inadequately equipped. --Revelation means "unveiling"; not an "obscuring". b. Prophecy: Rev. 1:3; 22:7, 10, 18 (God's word to His people) --Apocalyptic literature of the time outside of New Testament was characterized by a catastrophic breaking in of eternity at the end of history when evil reigns and the only hope is rapturous escape. Over-against that view comes divinely revealed prophecy characterized by an inseparable connection between the flow of history and the consumation of history: i.e., Christ came to rescue human history (not to discard it), to perfect it, and make it more glorious. Thus, what we do now counts and matters: it has consequences (a theme of the Old Testament is God's calling His people to faithfulness and promising them resulting blessing). c. Symbolic in Form2. Time Frame
3. Content, Theme, Purpose
-----------TO BE CONTINUED -----------------
Joe Morecraft III -- Interpreting Revelation -- July 2, 1978
Principles of Interpretation:
1. Nature of the Book of Revelation a. Revelation: Rev. 1:1, 11 (God given through Holy Spirit) --Thus every thing in this book is relevant through all time. --To understand, all we need is Scripture (Scripture interprets Scripture) and Holy Spirit --To neglect study of Revelation, is to be inadequately equipped. --Revelation means "unveiling"; not an "obscuring". b. Prophecy: Rev. 1:3; 22:7, 10, 18 (God's word to His people) --Apocalyptic literature of the time outside of New Testament was characterized by a catastrophic breaking in of eternity at the end of history when evil reigns and the only hope is rapturous escape. Over-against that view comes divinely revealed prophecy characterized by an inseparable connection between the flow of history and the consumation of history: i.e., Christ came to rescue human history (not to discard it), to perfect it, and make it more glorious. Thus, what we do now counts and matters: it has consequences (a theme of the Old Testament is God's calling His people to faithfulness and promising them resulting blessing). c. Symbolic in Form2. Time Frame
3. Content, Theme, Purpose
-----------TO BE CONTINUED -----------------
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